History of Computer
History of Computer

How was the history and development of computer, and how computer was developed in India. Today we will read full information in this.

History of Computer

Computers and electronics have played a very important role in today's society, where it has made its impact in everything from communication to medicine, to science and technology. Therefore, if we want to know the history of computer, then we have to look carefully at all its early developments, only then we can understand it properly.

Where computers are seen as a modern invention, in which electronics, computing have been used along with electrical devices. At the same time, if we talk about the first computing device, then surely the answer is going to be ancient abacus.

Analog computing is being used for almost thousands of years on the basis of our computing devices, whereas ancient Greeks and Romans used the most popular Antikythera mechanism.

While later devices such as the castle clock (1206), slide rule (c. 1624) and Babbage's Difference Engine (1822) are some examples of these early mechanical analog computers.

After this, in the 19th-century with the arrival of electrical power. The development of new electrical and hybrid electro-mechanical devices began, which were capable of calculating both digital (Hollerith punch-card machine) and analog (Bush's differential analyzer).

Telephone switching then came after this, due to which the development of machines started and we know them as early computers.

Whereas in 1885, after the presentation of the Edison Effect, it provided a theoretical background for electronic devices. Whereas, in the form of vacuum tubes, as soon as electronic components came, they very soon revolutionized radio and later television by integrating with electric devices.

These were computers only, where the full impact of these electronics is visible. Analog computers, which are used to calculate ballistics, became very important for the outcome of World War II, and for this reason Colossus and ENIAC, two earliest electronic digital computers were developed during the war itself. .

With the invention of solid-state electronics, the transistor, and then eventually the integrated circuit, computers have now become smaller, compact, portable, and even more affordable for the average consumer. Today, "computers" are very close to our living conditions, whether it is watches or automobiles.

History of Computer,History and Development of Computers


Do you know how old is the history of computer? If you want to know about the history of computer, then you have to first know how humans used to calculate big numbers. Small numbers can be easily calculated using hands, but when it comes to large numbers, then they suffered a lot and they invented not new systems which helped them in this.

Many systems of numeration are used in this calculation process such as Babylonian system of numeration, Greek system of numeration, Roman system of numeration and Indian system of numeration.

The most and universally accepted of these is the Indian system of numeration. It is based on the modern decimal system of numeration which is (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9). As we know that the computer cannot understand the decimal system and hence it uses the binary system of numeration for processing.

history of computer in india

If we talk about the development of computer technologies of India, then it became possible only when two major forces – Political Administration, Government Policy Advisors, Bureaucrats and Technocrats decided to work together. Let us now see the computer evolution of India by dividing it into different phases.

1. The history of Computer Technologies started in India from the year 1950. The first administration who started making a digital computer in India was under the leadership of R Narasimhan, at Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Bombay.

This TIFRAC (TIFR Automatic Computer) was started in the year 1955 and there it was completed in the year 1959. TIFRAC could easily process upto 2048 words in its memory (40-bit word, 15 microsecond cycle time) and while a cathode ray tube was used as a display output.

TIFRAC was designed because its use helped solve the physics problems of TIFR and the Atomic Energy Establishment. At the same time, with the help of this, India could build and design computers very effectively.

At the same time, during the 1960's, the initiative of non-foreign exchange outow was started in the computer industry all over the world. But still IBM and British Tabulation machines (later named ICL) were established, which were selling mechanical accounting machines in India at that time.

Licenses and agreements were issued to IBM and ICL so that they could set up computer manufacturing plants in India, while IBM again started making punch card machines and exported them to foreign countries.

2. Then in the year 1970, the Department of Electronics was established, whose basic objective was how to enhance electronics technologies and which later also helped in establishing the computer division of PSU company ECIL. (Electronics Corporation of India Limited).

ECIL designed TDC-12 which was a 12 bit real time minicomputer and which was later upgraded to TDC-312, and later also TDC-316 which was a 16 bit computer which was built in 1975. went.

Whereas in the year 1978, ECIL made the MICRO-78 system which was purely based on the microprocessor. ECIL built about 98 computers from 1971 to 1978, which they sold to government laboratories for research in different universities.

There was a major contribution of ECIL when they provided Air Defense Ground Environment Systems to the Indian Air Force.

In the year 1978, the minicomputer policy was formulated which led IBM out of India and this gave opportunities to new technical entrepreneurs to set up their own manufacturing units, such as WIPRO and HCL. These companies are still making their name bright all over the world.

3. In 1984, when Rajiv Gandhi became the Prime Minister of India, a liberalized policy was made on minicomputers which allowed private sector companies to manufacture computers. In the same year private sector companies were allowed to manufacture unlimited 32-bit machines.

Private sector companies manufactured with it assembled boards with microprocessors and interface electronics which they imported along with application software, which required low imported duty.

Due to the Liberalization policy, the growth of computers increased to 100% and its cost decreased by about 50%.

Complete computerization of Indian Railway's Seat Reservation System started in the year 1984 and it ended in the year 1986. Whereas the entire software of the Seat Reservation System was created by Indian programmers without the help of any foreign advisers.

4. In 1991, there was a very big financial crisis on India, to avoid this, the World Bank imposed some conditions on India on its external debt and trading (import and export), due to which the Indian government was forced to boost its economy. Had to liberalize.

In 1990-1991, Indian software companies started earning by exporting the software, which had an estimated value of US$125 million. At the same time, Earning also increased exponentially which was more than US$ 1.70 billion during 1997-98.

Indian software companies had set standardized ways for themselves to work in the industry. Indian software companies invented GDM (Global Delivery Model) and for which they structured 24-hour working hours for the IT industry. That is why India is considered to be the head of the IT industry all over the world.

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